Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
EPY Kit
Minnerva II
Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Epinephrine Professional EMS
Articaine
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Epinephrine
Numquick Topical Analgesic
Sensorcaine Mpf
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Ultacan
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Adyphren Amp Kit
Auvi-Q
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI
Lignospan Speciale Inj
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
Ana-kit
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Dysne Inhal
Prime Asthma Relief
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Primatene Mist
Zorcaine
Marcaine with Epinephrine
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Allerject
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Adrenalin
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Adyphren Kit
Gingi-pak Pellets
Septanest Sp
Numquick Analgesic
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Articadent
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
EpiPen
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Epinephrine Injection
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Orabloc 1:100,000
Sensorcaine Forte
Anapen
E-pilo-6 Oph Soln
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1
Posicaine N
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Taroclick Epinephrine
Zone 2
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Lixtraxen 1%
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
Posicaine Sp
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Epinephrinesnap-V
LIDOCAINE HCl
Epinephrine Injection USP
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Citanest Forte
Ultacan Forte
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
Symjepi
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Xylocaine MPF
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Twinject
Adyphren II Kit
EpinephrineSnap-V
Vivacaine
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Lignospan Forte
Lidocaine
Epinephrine Professional
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Ultracaine DS Inj
Octocaine 100
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
The Solution
Epipen Jr
Sensorcaine
Orabloc
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Pro Numb
Xylocaine
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Orostat 8%
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Ultracaine D-S Injection
EpiPen Jr
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
Marcaine E
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Epipen
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Leep RediKit
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Emerade
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
D-Care 100X
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Octocaine 50
Orabloc 1:200,000
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
EPY II Kit
Lidosite
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Adrenalin(r)
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Medihaler-Epi
Septanest N
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Marcaine
Vasocaine
Primatene Mist Refill
Ephinephrine
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
QKit Procedure Tray
Adrenaclick
Lidocaine Hci
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Septocaine
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Anapen Junior
Lignospan Standard
Indication
Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682