6C5X

Crystal Structure of SOCS1 in complex with ElonginB and ElonginC

External Resource: Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification
Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification
Domain Annotation: CATH
Protein Family Annotation
Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation
InterPro: Protein Family Classification
Pharos: Disease Associations
Protein Modification Annotation

Domain Annotation: SCOP2 Classification SCOP2 Database Homepage

Chains	Type	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Family Identifier	Provenance Source (Version)
A [auth B]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Ubiquitin-like	8038575	3000157	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)
C [auth E]	SCOP2B Superfamily	Ubiquitin-like	8038575	3000157	SCOP2B (2022-06-29)

Domain Annotation: ECOD Classification ECOD Database Homepage

Chains	Family Name	Domain Identifier	Architecture	Possible Homology	Homology	Topology	Family	Provenance Source (Version)
B [auth C]	Skp1_POZ_1	e6c5xC1	A: a+b two layers	X: POZ domain (From Topology)	H: POZ domain (From Topology)	T: POZ domain	F: Skp1_POZ_1	ECOD (1.6)
D [auth F]	Skp1_POZ_1	e6c5xF1	A: a+b two layers	X: POZ domain (From Topology)	H: POZ domain (From Topology)	T: POZ domain	F: Skp1_POZ_1	ECOD (1.6)
F [auth A]	SOCS_box	e6c5xA2	A: alpha arrays	X: SOCS box-like (From Topology)	H: SOCS box-like (From Topology)	T: SOCS box-like	F: SOCS_box	ECOD (1.6)
F [auth A]	SH2	e6c5xA1	A: a+b two layers	X: SH2 (From Topology)	H: SH2 (From Topology)	T: SH2	F: SH2	ECOD (1.6)
E [auth D]	SOCS_box	e6c5xD1	A: alpha arrays	X: SOCS box-like (From Topology)	H: SOCS box-like (From Topology)	T: SOCS box-like	F: SOCS_box	ECOD (1.6)
E [auth D]	SH2	e6c5xD2	A: a+b two layers	X: SH2 (From Topology)	H: SH2 (From Topology)	T: SH2	F: SH2	ECOD (1.6)
A [auth B]	ubiquitin_2	e6c5xB1	A: a+b two layers	X: beta-Grasp	H: Ubiquitin-related	T: Ubiquitin-like	F: ubiquitin_2	ECOD (1.6)
C [auth E]	ubiquitin_2	e6c5xE1	A: a+b two layers	X: beta-Grasp	H: Ubiquitin-related	T: Ubiquitin-like	F: ubiquitin_2	ECOD (1.6)

Domain Annotation: CATH CATH Database Homepage

Chain	Domain	Class	Architecture	Topology	Homology	Provenance Source (Version)
B [auth C]	3.30.710.10	Alpha Beta	2-Layer Sandwich	Potassium Channel Kv1.1	Chain A	CATH (4.3.0)
D [auth F]	3.30.710.10	Alpha Beta	2-Layer Sandwich	Potassium Channel Kv1.1	Chain A	CATH (4.3.0)
E [auth D]	1.10.750.20	Mainly Alpha	Orthogonal Bundle	Elongin C	Chain C, domain 1	CATH (4.3.0)
A [auth B]	3.10.20.90	Alpha Beta	Roll	Ubiquitin-like (UB roll)	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Catalytic Subunit	CATH (4.3.0)
C [auth E]	3.10.20.90	Alpha Beta	Roll	Ubiquitin-like (UB roll)	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Catalytic Subunit	CATH (4.3.0)

Protein Family Annotation Pfam Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Description	Comments	Source
B [auth C], D [auth F]	PF03931	Skp1 family, tetramerisation domain (Skp1_POZ)	Skp1 family, tetramerisation domain	-	Domain
E [auth D], F [auth A]	PF00017	SH2 domain (SH2)	SH2 domain	-	Domain
E [auth D], F [auth A]	PF07525	SOCS box (SOCS_box)	SOCS box	The SOCS box acts as a bridge between specific substrate- binding domains and more generic proteins that comprise a large family of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases.	Domain
A [auth B], C [auth E]	PF00240	Ubiquitin family (ubiquitin)	Ubiquitin family	This family contains a number of ubiquitin-like proteins: SUMO (smt3 homologue) (see Swiss:Q02724), Nedd8 (see Swiss:P29595), Elongin B (see Swiss:Q15370), Rub1 (see Swiss:Q9SHE7), and Parkin (see Swiss:O60260). A number of them are thought to carry ...	This family contains a number of ubiquitin-like proteins: SUMO (smt3 homologue) (see Swiss:Q02724), Nedd8 (see Swiss:P29595), Elongin B (see Swiss:Q15370), Rub1 (see Swiss:Q9SHE7), and Parkin (see Swiss:O60260). A number of them are thought to carry a distinctive five-residue motif termed the proteasome-interacting motif (PIM), which may have a biologically significant role in protein delivery to proteasomes and recruitment of proteasomes to transcription sites [5].	Domain

Gene Ontology: Gene Product Annotation Gene Ontology Database Homepage

Chains	Polymer	Molecular Function	Biological Process	Cellular Component
B [auth C], D [auth F]	Elongin-C	transcription factor binding transcription coregulator binding transcription corepressor binding protein binding binding protein-macromolecule adaptor activity molecular adaptor activity	catabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process primary metabolic process protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process proteolysis ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of cellular process negative regulation of biological process catabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process primary metabolic process protein catabolic process macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process proteolysis ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of cellular process negative regulation of biological process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process miRNA metabolic process RNA catabolic process regulation of biological process cellular metabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing regulation of gene expression negative regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process post-transcriptional gene silencing nucleic acid catabolic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing regulation of metabolic process cellular biosynthetic process positive regulation of biological process RNA metabolic process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA regulation of gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA positive regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular process regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA positive regulation of cellular process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA biological regulation regulation of macromolecule metabolic process miRNA catabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulatory ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing nucleic acid metabolic process target-directed miRNA degradation regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing negative regulation of biosynthetic process positive regulation of gene expression cellular process positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription initiation RNA biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter regulation of primary metabolic process regulation of RNA metabolic process regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process regulation of RNA biosynthetic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II regulation of DNA-templated transcription protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal	membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure transcription elongation factor complex nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle cellular anatomical entity elongin complex intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle nucleoplasm organelle lumen membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure transcription elongation factor complex nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle cellular anatomical entity elongin complex intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle nucleoplasm organelle lumen organelle nuclear lumen cytoplasm cytosol cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex intracellular protein-containing complex Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
E [auth D], F [auth A]	Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 1	-	cellular response to stimulus regulation of signaling regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process response to stimulus negative regulation of signaling signaling negative regulation of response to stimulus biological regulation negative regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of cell communication cell communication regulation of response to stimulus cellular response to stimulus regulation of signaling regulation of biological process regulation of cellular process response to stimulus negative regulation of signaling signaling negative regulation of response to stimulus biological regulation negative regulation of biological process regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of signal transduction negative regulation of cell communication cell communication regulation of response to stimulus negative regulation of cellular process regulation of cell communication cellular process signal transduction intracellular signal transduction protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification metabolic process primary metabolic process protein metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal	-
G	GP130 peptide fragment	protein tyrosine kinase activator activity enzyme regulator activity kinase activator activity enzyme activator activity molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity protein kinase activator activity protein kinase regulator activity kinase regulator activity ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor binding protein binding binding signaling receptor binding cytokine receptor binding protein tyrosine kinase activator activity enzyme regulator activity kinase activator activity enzyme activator activity molecular function activator activity molecular function regulator activity protein kinase activator activity protein kinase regulator activity kinase regulator activity ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor binding protein binding binding signaling receptor binding cytokine receptor binding interleukin-6 binding growth factor binding cytokine binding molecular transducer activity coreceptor activity signaling receptor activity scaffold protein binding oncostatin-M receptor activity transmembrane signaling receptor activity cytokine receptor activity immune receptor activity interleukin-6 receptor activity interleukin-6 receptor binding growth factor receptor binding leukemia inhibitory factor receptor activity ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor activity identical protein binding	cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of signaling regulation of cellular process cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to stimulus signaling biological regulation regulation of signal transduction cell communication Notch signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus regulation of Notch signaling pathway regulation of cell communication cellular response to stimulus regulation of biological process regulation of signaling regulation of cellular process cell surface receptor signaling pathway response to stimulus signaling biological regulation regulation of signal transduction cell communication Notch signaling pathway regulation of response to stimulus regulation of Notch signaling pathway regulation of cell communication cellular process signal transduction response to cytokine cytokine-mediated signaling pathway response to peptide response to chemical cellular response to cytokine stimulus neutral lipid metabolic process cellular metabolic process primary metabolic process triglyceride metabolic process cellular lipid metabolic process metabolic process glycerolipid metabolic process triglyceride mobilization acylglycerol metabolic process lipid metabolic process positive regulation of locomotion regulation of cell motility positive regulation of smooth muscle cell migration regulation of smooth muscle cell migration positive regulation of biological process positive regulation of cell migration smooth muscle cell migration muscle cell migration regulation of locomotion positive regulation of cell motility regulation of cell migration cell migration cell motility locomotion positive regulation of cellular process neuron apoptotic process negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process negative regulation of programmed cell death regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of biological process regulation of programmed cell death cell death negative regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of cellular process apoptotic process programmed cell death regulation of neuron apoptotic process cell population proliferation positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of cell population proliferation interleukin-6-mediated signaling pathway response to interleukin-6 cellular response to interleukin-6 developmental process regulation of osteoblast differentiation multicellular organismal process cellular developmental process regulation of developmental process regulation of cell differentiation osteoblast differentiation positive regulation of developmental process positive regulation of osteoblast differentiation ossification positive regulation of cell differentiation cell differentiation epithelium development digestive system development intestinal epithelial cell differentiation tube development intestinal epithelial cell development cell development tissue development digestive tract development epithelial cell differentiation multicellular organism development epithelial cell development columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell development anatomical structure development columnar/cuboidal epithelial cell differentiation system development positive regulation of phosphorylation positive regulation of phosphate metabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process positive regulation of metabolic process regulation of phosphate metabolic process peptidyl-amino acid modification phosphate-containing compound metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process protein modification process phosphorus metabolic process positive regulation of protein phosphorylation tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein protein phosphorylation positive regulation of phosphorus metabolic process phosphorylation regulation of protein metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process macromolecule modification regulation of phosphorus metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process regulation of metabolic process cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT regulation of protein modification process regulation of protein phosphorylation positive regulation of protein metabolic process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process peptidyl-tyrosine modification positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation positive regulation of protein modification process protein metabolic process regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation regulation of macromolecule metabolic process positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein regulation of phosphorylation peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT regulation of biological quality negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration interleukin-27-mediated signaling pathway positive regulation of cell communication positive regulation of signal transduction positive regulation of response to stimulus positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway positive regulation of signaling regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of cell activation positive regulation of cell activation T cell activation lymphocyte proliferation positive regulation of leukocyte activation regulation of immune system process positive regulation of immune system process regulation of leukocyte proliferation positive regulation of T cell activation positive regulation of lymphocyte proliferation positive regulation of T cell proliferation mononuclear cell proliferation regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of leukocyte proliferation positive regulation of multicellular organismal process positive regulation of leukocyte cell-cell adhesion lymphocyte activation leukocyte proliferation leukocyte cell-cell adhesion leukocyte activation positive regulation of cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of lymphocyte activation cell adhesion cell-cell adhesion positive regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation regulation of multicellular organismal process regulation of cell-cell adhesion T cell proliferation regulation of lymphocyte proliferation positive regulation of cell adhesion regulation of cell adhesion cell activation regulation of T cell activation regulation of T cell proliferation immune system process regulation of mononuclear cell proliferation regulation of lymphocyte activation interleukin-11-mediated signaling pathway carbohydrate metabolic process energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds glycogen metabolic process generation of precursor metabolites and energy glucan metabolic process polysaccharide metabolic process energy reserve metabolic process positive regulation of nervous system development astrocyte differentiation regulation of neurogenesis regulation of gliogenesis regulation of astrocyte differentiation positive regulation of gliogenesis regulation of cell development regulation of nervous system development neurogenesis gliogenesis positive regulation of neurogenesis positive regulation of astrocyte differentiation regulation of multicellular organismal development positive regulation of cell development regulation of glial cell differentiation nervous system development positive regulation of glial cell differentiation central nervous system development glial cell differentiation	cell periphery cell surface membrane plasma membrane cellular anatomical entity external side of plasma membrane side of membrane protein-containing complex plasma membrane protein complex plasma membrane signaling receptor complex ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex membrane protein complex receptor complex membrane microdomain cell periphery cell surface membrane plasma membrane cellular anatomical entity external side of plasma membrane side of membrane protein-containing complex plasma membrane protein complex plasma membrane signaling receptor complex ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor complex membrane protein complex receptor complex membrane microdomain membrane raft somatodendritic compartment cell projection dendrite dendritic tree neuron projection plasma membrane bounded cell projection interleukin-6 receptor complex oncostatin-M receptor complex cell body neuronal cell body neuronal cell body membrane cell body membrane
A [auth B], C [auth E]	Elongin-B	transcription factor binding transcription coregulator binding transcription corepressor binding protein binding binding ubiquitin protein ligase binding ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding enzyme binding	cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis regulation of cellular process negative regulation of biological process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression positive regulation of metabolic process cellular component organization cellular component biogenesis cellular component assembly protein-containing complex organization protein-containing complex assembly cellular process cellular component organization or biogenesis regulation of cellular process negative regulation of biological process positive regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression positive regulation of metabolic process positive regulation of macromolecule metabolic process miRNA metabolic process RNA catabolic process regulation of biological process cellular metabolic process negative regulation of metabolic process regulation of cellular metabolic process primary metabolic process negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound catabolic process miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing regulation of gene expression negative regulation of gene expression biosynthetic process negative regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing negative regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process post-transcriptional gene silencing nucleic acid catabolic process regulation of macromolecule biosynthetic process metabolic process macromolecule metabolic process negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing regulation of metabolic process catabolic process cellular biosynthetic process positive regulation of biological process RNA metabolic process positive regulation of cellular metabolic process regulation of miRNA-mediated gene silencing macromolecule catabolic process negative regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA regulation of gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA positive regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of cellular process regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA positive regulation of cellular process negative regulation of macromolecule metabolic process regulation of biosynthetic process negative regulation of gene silencing by regulatory ncRNA biological regulation regulation of macromolecule metabolic process miRNA catabolic process gene expression macromolecule biosynthetic process regulatory ncRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing nucleic acid metabolic process target-directed miRNA degradation regulatory ncRNA-mediated gene silencing regulation of cellular biosynthetic process regulation of post-transcriptional gene silencing negative regulation of biosynthetic process positive regulation of gene expression positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process nucleobase-containing compound biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription initiation RNA biosynthetic process DNA-templated transcription nucleic acid biosynthetic process transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II DNA-templated transcription elongation positive regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process positive regulation of protein metabolic process proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of primary metabolic process positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process modification-dependent macromolecule catabolic process proteolysis protein metabolic process regulation of protein metabolic process proteasomal protein catabolic process protein catabolic process regulation of catabolic process positive regulation of protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process positive regulation of catabolic process regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process modification-dependent protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteolysis regulation of proteasomal protein catabolic process positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process regulation of protein catabolic process protein ubiquitination macromolecule modification post-translational protein modification protein modification process protein modification by small protein conjugation protein modification by small protein conjugation or removal	membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure transcription elongation factor complex nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle cellular anatomical entity elongin complex intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle nucleoplasm organelle lumen membrane-bounded organelle protein-containing complex intracellular anatomical structure transcription elongation factor complex nucleus membrane-enclosed lumen nuclear protein-containing complex intracellular membrane-bounded organelle cellular anatomical entity elongin complex intracellular organelle lumen intracellular organelle nucleoplasm organelle lumen organelle nuclear lumen cytoplasm cytosol cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase complex ubiquitin ligase complex catalytic complex transferase complex intracellular protein-containing complex VCB complex cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex

InterPro: Protein Family Classification InterPro Database Homepage

Chains	Accession	Name	Type
B [auth C], D [auth F]	IPR016073	SKP1 component, POZ domain	Domain
B [auth C], D [auth F]	IPR001232	S-phase kinase-associated protein 1-like	Family
B [auth C], D [auth F]	IPR039948	Elongin-C	Family
B [auth C], D [auth F]	IPR011333	SKP1/BTB/POZ domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
E [auth D], F [auth A]	IPR001496	SOCS box domain	Domain
E [auth D], F [auth A]	IPR036860	SH2 domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
E [auth D], F [auth A]	IPR035861	SOCS1, SH2 domain	Domain
E [auth D], F [auth A]	IPR036036	SOCS box-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
E [auth D], F [auth A]	IPR000980	SH2 domain	Domain
G	IPR003529	Long hematopoietin receptor, Gp130 family 2, conserved site	Conserved Site
G	IPR050379	Type I Cytokine Receptor	Family
G	IPR010457	Immunoglobulin C2-set-like, ligand-binding	Domain
G	IPR015321	Type I cytokine receptor, cytokine-binding domain	Domain
G	IPR003961	Fibronectin type III	Domain
G	IPR013783	Immunoglobulin-like fold	Homologous Superfamily
G	IPR036116	Fibronectin type III superfamily	Homologous Superfamily
A [auth B], C [auth E]	IPR000626	Ubiquitin-like domain	Domain
A [auth B], C [auth E]	IPR039049	Elongin B	Family
A [auth B], C [auth E]	IPR029071	Ubiquitin-like domain superfamily	Homologous Superfamily

Pharos: Disease Associations Pharos Homepage Annotation

Chains	Drug Target	Associated Disease
B [auth C], D [auth F]	Pharos: Q15369	papillary renal cell carcinoma sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma collecting duct carcinoma chromophobe renal cell carcinoma renal cell carcinoma astrocytic tumor clear cell renal carcinoma dermatomyositis breast cancer invasive ductal breast carcinoma plasma cell myeloma Conventional (Clear Cell) Renal Cell Carcinoma ovarian cancer
A [auth B], C [auth E]	Pharos: Q15370	acute myeloid leukemia ovarian cancer diabetes mellitus plasma cell myeloma lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma

Protein Modification Annotation

Modified Residue(s)
Chain	Residue(s)	Description
G	PTR	Parent Component: TYR RESID: AA0039 PSI-MOD : O4'-phospho-L-tyrosine MOD:00048

RCSB PDB Core Operations are funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation (DBI-2321666), the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0019749), and the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under grant R01GM157729.