ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

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is present as a standalone ligand in 8 entries

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Identifiers	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER
Isomeric SMILES	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	approved vet_approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	Epinephrine hydrochloride (R)-(-)-Epirenamine 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol L-Adrenaline Epinephrin Epinefrina Epinephrine acetate Epinephrine bitartrate Epinephrine (R)-(-)-Epinephrine Adrénaline Adrenaline Levoepinephrine (R)-(-)-Adnephrine (R)-(-)-Adrenaline (R)-(−)-adrenaline (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol Epinephrinum (−)-adrenaline (−)-(R)-epinephrine Epinefrin
Brand Names	Anapen Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Symjepi EPY Kit Numquick Topical Analgesic 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 Septanest Sp 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Marcaine E Primatene Mist Refill EpinephrineSnap-V Prime Asthma Relief Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Orostat 8% Scandonest 2% Special Inj Numquick Analgesic Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit Epinephrine Chloride Solution Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Adrenalin(r) Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine Minnerva II Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt Vasocaine Xylocaine MPF Octocaine 100 Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Sensorcaine Articadent Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml Lignospan Standard Adrenaclick Adyphren Kit LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Septocaine Crown-pak Max 4-ply Lidosite Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Epinephrine Injection Octocaine 50 Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Gingi-pak Max 2-ply Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Adyphren Amp Kit Lignospan Speciale Inj EPY II Kit Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 Epinephrinesnap-V Epinephrine Convenience Kit Lignospan Forte Lixtraxen 1% Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Leep RediKit Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection Allerject Ultacan 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP Adrenalin (epinephrine) Posicaine N Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection Spinal Anesthesia Tray Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP E-pilo-1 Oph Soln SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Primatene Mist Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Adyphren II Kit Ultracaine D-S Injection Emerade Zone 2 Adyphren Amp II Kit Gingi-pak Pellets Epipen Jr Citanest Forte Sensorcaine Forte Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Marcaine With Epinephrine E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Epinephrine Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Xylocaine-mpf With Epi The Solution Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) E-pilo-6 Oph Soln EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj Taroclick Epinephrine CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit Articaine E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Medihaler-Epi Zorcaine Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Septanest N Ephinephrine Orabloc Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Pro Numb Posicaine Sp E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Adrenalin Topical Solution E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Ultracaine DS Inj Xylocaine EpiPen Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine Xylocaine with epinephrine Sensorcaine With Epinephrine Lidocaine Hci Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector Epinephrine Professional EMS LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 QKit Procedure Tray Auvi-Q Ultracaine DS Forte Inj Citanest Forte DENTAL Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Marcaine 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP Anapen Junior D-Care 100X Marcaine with Epinephrine Sensorcaine Mpf Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine EpinephrineSnap-EMS Dysne Inhal Ultacan Forte Septocaine and Epinephrine LIDOCAINE HCl Epipen Orabloc 1:100,000 Vivacaine Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Ana-kit Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose Adrenalin Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection Basic Dental Emergency Kit Lidocaine Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 Orabloc 1:200,000 Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution Gingi-pak Cotton Coil Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Twinject Epinephrine Professional EpiPen Jr Blue Gel Anesthetic Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Gingi Pak Cord No 1 LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Epinephrine Injection USP
Indication	Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Inhibitors OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLTLVCLAGLLMLLTVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682