ALE

L-EPINEPHRINE

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is present as a standalone ligand in 8 entries

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Chemical Component Summary
Name	L-EPINEPHRINE
Synonyms	ADRENALINE
Identifiers	4-[(1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-oxidanyl-ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
Formula	C₉ H₁₃ N O₃
Molecular Weight	183.204
Type	NON-POLYMER
Isomeric SMILES	CNC[C@@H](c1ccc(c(c1)O)O)O
InChI	InChI=1S/C9H13NO3/c1-10-5-9(13)6-2-3-7(11)8(12)4-6/h2-4,9-13H,5H2,1H3/t9-/m0/s1
InChIKey	UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-VIFPVBQESA-N

Chemical Details
Formal Charge	0
Atom Count	26
Chiral Atom Count	1
Bond Count	26
Aromatic Bond Count	6

Drug Info: DrugBank

DrugBank ID	DB00668
Name	Epinephrine
Groups	approved vet_approved
Description	Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Synonyms	(R)-(-)-Epirenamine Epinephrine bitartrate Adrenaline Epinephrin Epinephrine Levoepinephrine (R)-(−)-adrenaline Adrénaline Epinephrine acetate (R)-(-)-Adrenaline (R)-(-)-Adnephrine 4-[(1R)-1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]-1,2-benzenediol L-Adrenaline Epinefrin (R)-(-)-Epinephrine Epinephrinum (−)-(R)-epinephrine Epinephrine hydrochloride Epinefrina (−)-3,4-dihydroxy-α-((methylamino)methyl)benzyl alcohol (−)-adrenaline
Brand Names	Spinal Anesthesia Tray Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000 Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection Ultracaine DS Inj Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose Octocaine 50 Gingi-pak Pellets Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine E-pilo-2 Oph Soln Lidosite Epinephrine Convenience Kit Emerade Articaine HCl and Epinephrine Scandonest 2% Special Inj Lignospan Speciale Inj Vasocaine Orabloc Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3 Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Epinephrine Injection USP Epinephrine Chloride Solution Taroclick Epinephrine 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml) Gingi Pak Cord No 1 Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit The Solution Posicaine Sp Xylocaine(r) -mpf (lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine) Ultracaine DS Forte Inj Lixtraxen 1% E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution Sensorcaine Forte Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000 Ultracaine D-S Injection Adrenalin Epipen Jr E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50% Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00 Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000 Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im) Marcaine With Epinephrine Gingi-pak Max 2-ply Primatene Mist Refill Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE EpiPen The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief Spinal Anaesthesia Tray Adrenalin(r) Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Xylocaine MPF QKit Procedure Tray Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Lignospan Forte Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit E-pilo-6 Oph Soln Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector Epipen Epinephrine Professional EMS Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000 Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3 Medihaler-Epi Septocaine Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine Marcaine E Symjepi Adrenalin (epinephrine) EPY Kit Ana-kit Allerject 2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP Ultacan Forte Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000 Lignospan Standard Twinject Adyphren Amp II Kit Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2 Adyphren II Kit EPY II Kit EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit Dysne Inhal Taroclick Epinephrine Junior Orostat 8% Prime Asthma Relief Adyphren Amp Kit Sensorcaine Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000 Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine Epinephrine Injection Xylocaine with epinephrine 4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml) Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000 Orabloc 1:100,000 EpiPen Jr Vivacaine EpinephrineSnap-EMS Citanest Forte DENTAL Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection Citanest Forte LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Basic Dental Emergency Kit Posicaine N Auvi-Q E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution Sensorcaine With Epinephrine D-Care 100X LIDOCAINE HCl Octocaine 100 Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP Anapen Orabloc 1:200,000 Adyphren Kit Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000 Leep RediKit Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq Blue Gel Anesthetic Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000 Pro Numb Sensorcaine Mpf Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine) Epinephrine CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1 Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP Numquick Analgesic Xylocaine Lidocaine LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPI Marcaine Crown-pak Max 4-ply Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 1 Septanest Sp Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5% Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml Bupivacaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Epinephrine Professional Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Adrenalin Topical Solution Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2 Adrenaclick Lidocaine Hci Primatene Mist Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Xylocaine-mpf With Epi Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit Articadent Septocaine and Epinephrine Articaine Ephinephrine Numquick Topical Analgesic Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000 Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector Marcaine with Epinephrine Ultacan Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine Epinephrinesnap-V Gingi-pak Cotton Coil Anapen Junior EpinephrineSnap-V Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000 Zorcaine Zone 2 E-pilo-4 Oph Soln Septanest N Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj 4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 E-pilo-1 Oph Soln Minnerva II
Indication	Epinephrine injection is indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. It is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is also used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Categories	Adrenergic Agents Adrenergic Agonists Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic alpha-Agonists Adrenergic and Dopaminergic Agents Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists Adrenergic beta-Agonists Adrenergics, Inhalants Agents producing tachycardia Agents that produce hypertension Alpha-and Beta-adrenergic Agonists Amines Anti-Asthmatic Agents Antiglaucoma Preparations and Miotics Autonomic Agents Benzene Derivatives Biogenic Amines Biogenic Monoamines Bronchodilator Agents Cardiac Stimulants Excl. Cardiac Glycosides Cardiac Therapy Cardiovascular Agents Catecholamines Catechols COMT Substrates Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown) Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Dental Agents Drugs for Obstructive Airway Diseases Epinephrine and similars Hemostatics Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents Local Hemostatics Mydriatics Nasal Preparations Neurotransmitter Agents OCT1 substrates OCT2 Inhibitors OCT2 Substrates Ophthalmologicals Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phenols Respiratory System Agents Stomatological Preparations Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents Sympathomimetics Sympathomimetics in Glaucoma Therapy Sympathomimetics, Plain Vasoconstrictor Agents
ATC-Code	A01AD01 R03AK01 B02BC09 C01CA24 S01EA01 R01AA14 R03AA01 S01EA51
CAS number	51-43-4

Drug Targets

Name	Target Sequence	Pharmacological Action	Actions
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor	MVFLSGNASDSSNCTQPPAPVNISKAILLGVILGGLILFGVLGNILVILS...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor	MNPDLDTGHNTSAPAHWGELKNANFTGPNQTSSNSTLPQLDITRAISVGL...	unknown	agonist
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor	MGAGVLVLGASEPGNLSSAAPLPDGAATAARLLVPASPPASLLPPASESP...	unknown	agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor	MGQPGNGSAFLLAPNGSHAPDHDVTQERDEVWVVGMGIVMSLIVLAIVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor	MGSLQPDAGNASWNGTEAPGGGARATPYSLQVTLTLVCLAGLLMLLTVFG...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor	MDHQDPYSVQATAAIAAAITFLILFTIFGNALVILAVLTSRSLRAPQNLF...	unknown	agonist
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor	MTFRDLLSVSFEGPRPDSSAGGSSAGGGGGSAGGAAPSEGPAVGGVPGGA...	unknown	antagonist
Tumor necrosis factor	MSTESMIRDVELAEEALPKKTGGPQGSRRCLFLSLFSFLIVAGATTLFCL...	unknown	antagonist,agonist
Cytochrome P450 2C9	MDSLVVLVLCLSCLLLLSLWRQSSGRGKLPPGPTPLPVIGNILQIGIKDI...	unknown	inhibitor
Cytochrome P450 3A4	MALIPDLAMETWLLLAVSLVLLYLYGTHSHGLFKKLGIPGPTPLPFLGNI...	unknown	inhibitor
Catechol O-methyltransferase	MPEAPPLLLAAVLLGLVLLVVLLLLLRHWGWGLCLIGWNEFILQPIHNLL...	unknown	substrate
Monoamine oxidase	MENQEKASIAGHMFDVVVIGGGISGLSAAKLLTEYGVSVLVLEARDRVGG...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	MPTTVDDVLEHGGEFHFFQKQMFFLLALLSATFAPIYVGIVFLGFTPDHR...	unknown	substrate
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	MPTVDDILEQVGESGWFQKQAFLILCLLSAAFAPICVGIVFLGFTPDHHC...	unknown	substrate
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Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011 Jan; 39 (Database issue):D1035-41. | PMID:21059682