6WOJ

Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 macrodomain (NSP3) in complex with ADP-ribose


Experimental Data Snapshot

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.20 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.252 
  • R-Value Work: 0.199 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.202 

Starting Model: experimental
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Literature

The SARS-CoV-2 Conserved Macrodomain Is a Mono-ADP-Ribosylhydrolase.

Alhammad, Y.M.O.Kashipathy, M.M.Roy, A.Gagne, J.P.McDonald, P.Gao, P.Nonfoux, L.Battaile, K.P.Johnson, D.K.Holmstrom, E.D.Poirier, G.G.Lovell, S.Fehr, A.R.

(2021) J Virol 95

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01969-20
  • Primary Citation of Related Structures:  
    6WOJ

  • PubMed Abstract: 

    Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other SARS-related CoVs encode 3 tandem macrodomains within nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3). The first macrodomain, Mac1, is conserved throughout CoVs and binds to and hydrolyzes mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) from target proteins. Mac1 likely counters host-mediated antiviral ADP-ribosylation, a posttranslational modification that is part of the host response to viral infections. Mac1 is essential for pathogenesis in multiple animal models of CoV infection, implicating it as a virulence factor and potential therapeutic target. Here, we report the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 in complex with ADP-ribose. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Mac1 domains exhibit similar structural folds, and all 3 proteins bound to ADP-ribose with affinities in the low micromolar range. Importantly, using ADP-ribose-detecting binding reagents in both a gel-based assay and novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we demonstrated de-MARylating activity for all 3 CoV Mac1 proteins, with the SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 protein leading to a more rapid loss of substrate than the others. In addition, none of these enzymes could hydrolyze poly-ADP-ribose. We conclude that the SARS-CoV-2 and other CoV Mac1 proteins are MAR-hydrolases with similar functions, indicating that compounds targeting CoV Mac1 proteins may have broad anti-CoV activity. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 has recently emerged into the human population and has led to a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 that has caused more than 1.2 million deaths worldwide. With no currently approved treatments, novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. All coronaviruses encode a highly conserved macrodomain (Mac1) that binds to and removes ADP-ribose adducts from proteins in a dynamic posttranslational process that is increasingly being recognized as an important factor that regulates viral infection. The macrodomain is essential for CoV pathogenesis and may be a novel therapeutic target. Thus, understanding its biochemistry and enzyme activity are critical first steps for these efforts. Here, we report the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 in complex with ADP-ribose and describe its ADP-ribose binding and hydrolysis activities in direct comparison to those of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Mac1 proteins. These results are an important first step for the design and testing of potential therapies targeting this unique protein domain.


  • Organizational Affiliation

    Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.


Macromolecules
Find similar proteins by:  (by identity cutoff)  |  3D Structure
Entity ID: 1
MoleculeChains Sequence LengthOrganismDetailsImage
Non-structural protein 3
A, B, C, D
176Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2Mutation(s): 0 
Gene Names: rep1a-1b
EC: 3.4.22
UniProt
Find proteins for P0DTD1 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)
Explore P0DTD1 
Go to UniProtKB:  P0DTD1
Entity Groups  
Sequence Clusters30% Identity50% Identity70% Identity90% Identity95% Identity100% Identity
UniProt GroupP0DTD1
Sequence Annotations
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  • Reference Sequence
Experimental Data & Validation

Experimental Data

  • Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION
  • Resolution: 2.20 Å
  • R-Value Free: 0.252 
  • R-Value Work: 0.199 
  • R-Value Observed: 0.202 
  • Space Group: P 1 21 1
Unit Cell:
Length ( Å )Angle ( ˚ )
a = 59.715α = 90
b = 83.165β = 94.37
c = 84.237γ = 90
Software Package:
Software NamePurpose
PHENIXrefinement
XDSdata reduction
Aimlessdata scaling
PHASERphasing
PDB_EXTRACTdata extraction

Structure Validation

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Ligand Structure Quality Assessment 

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Entry History & Funding Information

Deposition Data


Funding OrganizationLocationGrant Number
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)United StatesP20GM113117

Revision History  (Full details and data files)

  • Version 1.0: 2020-05-06
    Type: Initial release
  • Version 2.0: 2020-05-13
    Type: Coordinate replacement
    Reason: Polymer geometry
    Changes: Atomic model, Data collection, Derived calculations, Refinement description, Structure summary
  • Version 2.1: 2020-06-10
    Changes: Structure summary
  • Version 2.2: 2020-11-18
    Changes: Database references
  • Version 2.3: 2021-01-27
    Changes: Database references, Structure summary
  • Version 2.4: 2023-10-18
    Changes: Data collection, Database references, Refinement description